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The Ewaso Ngiro North Basin in central Kenya exemplifies the complex water-food-energy nexus challenges facing dryland regions globally. Originating from Mount Kenya and the Aberdare Range, the basin supports 3.4 million people across five counties through a 700-kilometer river system flowing northward into increasingly arid landscapes. The catchment exhibits dramatic upstream-downstream gradients: upper areas receive over 1,000 mm rainfall annually and support intensive agriculture, while lower pastoral zones receive less than 400 mm. This diversity creates intricate resource interdependencies where water, food, and energy systems are tightly coupled, and actions in one sector cascade across others in ways that traditional sectoral management approaches cannot address effectively